[公告] 每日更新20241114《玻璃钢衬里防腐》（实战全集之第陆卷第14章）

《玻璃钢衬里防腐》（实战全集之第陆卷第14章）印刷公告
《防腐蚀实战大全全卷目录》《防腐蚀实战大全全卷目录》 hw?U.zip (360 K) 下载次数:2

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_1.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_2.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_3.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_4.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_5.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_6.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_7.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_8.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_9.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_10.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_13.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_11.jpg

图片:k?h?? 2022-05-19 17.54_12.jpg

图片:???G_20220519174428.jpg

图片:???G_20220208111148.jpg

图片:???G_20220210172831.jpg

认真的学习学习，提高自己的职业技能。

出书了

江老师 在做一个巨大的工程啊，赞！看目录真乃 防腐工程大全，囊括很多方面 金属、非金属。。。各行业。。。

0 “树脂重防腐”·············································································13

0.1  “树脂重防腐”定义·····························································13

0.2 “树脂重防腐”表现形式······························································13

0.3 “树脂重防腐”与金属防腐、传统涂装防腐相比较特点·······················14

0.4 “树脂重防腐”篇章整体撰写思路················································16

0.5 “树脂重防腐”表现形式简介··························································17

0.5.1 “树脂重防腐”之“厚浆型涂层”简介············································17

0.5.2 “树脂重防腐”之“现场配制树脂砂浆”简介·····································20

0.5.3 “树脂重防腐”之“地坪及地面工程”简介······································22

0.5.4 “树脂重防腐”之“现场配制树脂胶泥”简介·····································24

0.5.5 “树脂重防腐”之“商品级鳞片胶泥（/涂料）防腐”简介························40

0.5.6 “树脂重防腐”之“玻璃钢内衬防腐”··············································42

0.5.7 “树脂重防腐”之“整体玻璃钢防腐”简介····································43

0.5.8 “树脂重防腐”之“砖板衬里防腐”简介···········································43

0.5.9 “树脂重防腐”之“树脂混凝土防腐”简介·······································44

0.5.10 “树脂重防腐”之“衬塑防腐及整体塑料设备防腐”简介····················46

0.5.11 “树脂重防腐”之“防腐胶带、膜、片材、膏、蜡、螺栓胶”简介·················47

0.5.12 “树脂重防腐”之“硅橡胶、改性沥青、弹性体衬里等防腐”简介···········52

0.5.13 “树脂重防腐”之“特种工业修复防腐”简介··································57

0.5.14 “树脂重防腐”之“复合树脂重防腐”简介······································59

1 玻璃钢衬里定义、特点、表现形式···························································66

2 玻璃钢衬里之“树脂”··········································································66

3 玻璃钢衬里之“纤维”········································································70

4 玻璃钢衬里之“填料”··········································································75

4.1 无机填料的种类············································································75

4.2 无机填料的特性···········································································79

4.3 无机填料的作用···········································································84

4.4 无机填料的选择············································································86

5 常用玻璃钢衬里之“环氧树脂”的固化·····················································88

5.1 现场施工用环氧树脂······························································88

5.1.1 环氧树脂概述······································································88

5.1.2 环氧树脂的定义、固化物性能特征·············································89

5.1.3 环氧树脂的种类·······························································91

5.1.4 环氧树脂的制造···································································92

5.1.5 环氧树脂的基本性能·······························································96

5.1.6 环氧树脂的固化反应·······················································102

5.1.6.1 环氧树脂的固化反应分类··················································102

5.1.6.2 环氧树脂的固化剂种类、结构、特性·······································105

5.1.6.3 多胺类固化剂···································································108

5.1.6.3.1 多胺类固化剂种类···················································108

5.1.6.3.2 多胺类固化剂的固化反应及热效应·································109

5.1.6.3.3 多胺类固化剂的特性··················································110

5.1.7 现场施工用双酚A型液态环氧树脂···········································116

5.1.7.1 合成原理及方法·························································116

5.1.7.2 结构与性能特点···························································118

5.1.7.3 质量指标·································································119

5.2 现场施工用环氧树脂固化剂··················································121

5.3 现场施工用环氧树脂稀释剂等辅助材料·····································127

5.3.1 稀释剂·····································································130

（1）非活性稀释剂··········································································130

（2）活性稀释剂·································································131

（3）稀释剂的选用原则··································································132

5.3.2 溶剂····················································································133

5.3.3 流变及流变剂·······························································134

5.3.3.1 气相二氧化硅···································································135

5.3.3.2 有机膨润土·······························································136

5.3.3.3 氢化蓖麻油····································································137

5.3.4 增稠剂··············································································137

5.3.5 增塑剂····································································138

5.3.6 增韧剂·······································································139

5.3.6.1 增韧途径及增韧剂··························································139

5.3.6.2 增韧剂的选择···································································141

5.3.7 增强剂（纤维增强材料）·······················································141

5.3.8 填充剂（填料）······················································142

5.3.9 阻燃剂···········································································146

5.3.10 其他改性剂和助剂·······························································148

5.3.10.1 偶联剂·······································································148

5.3.10.2 着色剂································································149

5.3.10.3 润湿分散剂································································150

5.3.10.4 消泡剂·········································································151

5.3.10.5 乳化剂·······································································152

5.4 现场施工环氧树脂固化配方及控制方法········································152

5.4.1 耐蚀环氧树脂材料的施工准备···········································153

5.4.2 基层要求及处理方法··························································153

5.4.2.1 基层要求·······································································153

5.4.2.2 处理方法·····································································154

5.4.3 参考配合比及配制工艺···························································156

5.4.4 手糊法施工要点·····························································157

5.4.5 环氧树脂胶泥、砂浆铺砌块材和树脂胶泥勾缝与灌缝施工要点·········158

5.4.6 环氧稀胶泥、树脂砂浆整体面层施工要点····································159

5.4.7 现场施工环氧树脂工程的质量要求及检验·······························159

5.4.8 现场施工环氧树脂工程的安全防护·············································160

5.4.9 现场施工环氧树脂工程的常见缺陷及防治方法·····························160

5.5 环氧树脂的主要应用领域（现场防腐施工应用之外）·····························163

5.5.1 涂料············································································163

5.5.2 胶粘剂··································································166

5.5.3 电子电器材料································································168

5.5.4 工程塑料和复合材料·························································169

5.5.5 防腐蚀之外的其他土建材料·················································171

5.5.5.1 地坪涂料········································································171

5.5.5.2 环氧树脂在混凝土结构中的应用··········································174

6 常用玻璃钢衬里之“酚醛树脂”的固化····················································177

6.1 酚醛树脂概述············································································177

6.1.1 酚醛树脂的特点····································································177

6.1.2 酚醛树脂及其塑料的发展史·····················································181

6.1.3 酚醛树脂及其塑料的种类··················································183

6.1.4 酚醛树脂及其塑料的应用························································187

6.2 酚醛树脂的化学反应···································································191

6.2.1 合成反应·······································································191

6.2.2 合成酚醛树脂的原料······························································192

6.2.3 酚醛树脂的固化剂···························································193

6.2.4 常用酚醛树脂固化剂的性能及其参考用量···································196

6.3 酚醛树脂国内外的现状································································197

6.4 酚醛树脂发展方向······································································198

7 常用玻璃钢衬里之“呋喃树脂”的固化···················································200

7.1 呋喃树脂介绍··········································································200

7.1.1 概述····················································································200

7.1.2 分类··················································································201

7.1.3 性能··········································································202

7.1.4 应用···········································································203

7.2 典型糠醇糠醛型呋喃树脂介绍·······················································203

7.3 呋喃树脂防腐蚀工程···································································204

7.3.1 概述··················································································204

7.3.2 原材料和制品·····································································204

7.3.3 工程设计············································································205

7.3.4 工程施工···········································································210

7.3.4.1 一般规定·································································210

7.3.4.2 呋喃树脂材料的配制··················································211

7.3.4.3 呋喃树脂玻璃钢的施工·············································213

7.3.4.4 呋喃树脂胶泥、砂浆铺砌块材和呋喃树脂胶泥勾缝、灌缝的施工···214

7.3.4.5 呋喃树脂砂浆和呋喃树脂混凝土整体面层的施工·····················215

7.3.4.6 呋喃树脂混凝土池槽的施工················································216

7.3.4.7 浸渍用呋喃树脂的使用····················································217

7.3.5 工程验收·············································································218

8 常用玻璃钢衬里之“乙烯基酯树脂”的固化············································219

8.1 防腐理论知识··········································································219

8.1.1 酯键密度···································································219

8.1.2 酯键相邻位置的空间位阻·······················································220

8.1.3 交联剂单体种类及含量······················································221

8.1.4 双键交联密度·····························································221

8.2 乙烯基酯树脂玻璃钢耐腐蚀性能评价···········································222

8.2.1 乙烯基酯树脂玻璃钢静态耐药品性试验方法·······························224

8.2.1.1 实验样条制作方法························································225

8.2.1.2 实验药品和仪器······························································226

8.2.1.3 浸泡期间及实验前确认·····················································226

8.2.1.4 实验步骤································································226

8.2.1.5 实验结果···································································227

8.2.1.6 半对数外延数据处理方法··················································227

8.2.1.7 静态耐蚀性综合评价方法··················································228

8.2.1.7.1 设计安全系数·····························································228

8.2.1.7.2 纤维增强塑料设备耐腐蚀内衬层分项设计系数K2的确定方法·229    

8.2.1.7.2.1 耐腐蚀数据的确定方法···········································230

8.2.1.7.2.2 应用经验的确定方法··············································230

8.2.1.7.2.3 实验室试验或现场挂片验证的确定方法······················230

8.2.1.7.2.4 实验室试验验证分项设计系数K2值举例·······················233

8.2.1.7.3 不同标准间耐腐蚀评估判定的差别·································241

8.2.2 乙烯基酯树脂玻璃钢动态耐药品腐蚀试验···································242

8.2.2.1 动态耐药品腐蚀试验方法··············································243

8.2.2.2 应力消除····································································243

8.2.2.3 耐动态药品性评价··························································244

8.3乙烯基酯树脂性能简介································································244

8.3.1 乙烯基酯树脂主要类型和应用·············································244

8.3.2 典型产品质量指标························································248

8.3.3 典型常温固化体系·································································249

8.3.4 典型常温固化特征··································································249

8.3.5 典型物理性能···································································250

8.3.6 典型耐化性能·······································································251

8.3.7 巴氏硬度、热导率、机械性能、热膨胀系数、体积收缩率、电性能、阻燃·251

8.3.7.1 巴氏硬度·····································································251

8.3.7.2 热导率(K值）···································································253

8.3.7.3 不同纤维含量FRP机械性能················································253

8.3.7.4 典型FRP线性膨胀系数······················································254

8.3.7.5 浇铸体体积收缩率····························································254

8.3.7.6 浇铸体电性能·······························································255

8.3.7.7 阻燃性···········································································255

8.3.8 如何储存、运输、使用乙烯基酯树脂·············································256

8.4 乙烯基酯树脂的固化··································································257

8.4.1 UPR&VER的固化交联机理······················································258

8.4.2 UPR&VER的固化方式····························································259

8.4.2.1有机过氧化物固化·····························································259

8.4.2.2热分解固化······································································260

8.4.2.3化学分解固化···································································260

8.4.2.4光固化············································································261

8.4.3 促进剂（常温固化用促进剂）·····················································261

8.4.3.1 有机金属类化合物促进剂···················································262

8.4.3.1.1 概述···································································262

8.4.3.1.2 常见市售有机金属化合物促进剂····································263

8.4.3.1.2.1 环烷酸钴·····························································263

8.4.3.1.2.2 异辛酸钴······················································263

8.4.3.1.2.3 钴-钾-钙-过渡金属复配的复合促进剂·························264

8.4.3.1.2.4 环烷酸锰或异辛酸锰·············································266

8.4.3.1.3 环保型绿色“低钴”、“无钴”促进剂································266

8.4.3.1.4 原钴、浓钴和实际市场现场使用的“蓝水”的区别··················266

8.4.3.2 叔胺类促进剂···························································267

8.4.3.3 其他类型促进剂··························································268

8.4.4 助促进剂（加速剂）·······························································269

8.4.5 固化剂·············································································270

8.4.5.1 概述············································································270

8.4.5.2 分类···········································································271

8.4.5.3 举例介绍·········································································273

8.4.5.3.1 常温固化剂································································273

8.4.5.3.1.1 过氧化甲乙酮（MEKP）···········································274

8.4.5.3.1.1.1 概述······························································274

8.4.5.3.1.1.2 结构、组成························································275

8.4.5.3.1.1.3 品质与危险性··················································276

8.4.5.3.1.1.4 显色固化剂（粉红色，固化后粉红色消失）···············276

8.4.5.3.1.2 过氧化环己酮（CYHP、CHPO）································276

8.4.5.3.1.3 过氧化氢异丙苯（CHP）···········································277

8.4.5.3.1.4 过氧化乙酰丙酮（AAP）···········································278

8.4.5.3.1.5 过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）·············································279

8.4.5.3.1.6“无泡”固化剂·························································280

8.4.5.3.1.7 其他室温固化剂····················································281

8.4.5.3.2 中温固化剂······························································281

8.4.5.3.2.1 过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）···········································281

8.4.5.3.2.2 过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯（TBPO）·····························281

8.4.5.3.2.3 过氧化二碳酸二(4-叔丁基环己基)酯（TBCP）················282

8.4.5.3.2.4 其他中温固化剂····················································282

8.4.5.3.3 高温固化剂····························································282

8.4.5.3.3.1 过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯（TBPB）·····································282

8.4.5.3.3.2 过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）···········································283

8.4.5.3.3.3 其他高温固化剂····················································283

8.4.5.3.4 复配固化剂································································283

8.4.5.4.1 MEKP/CHPO复配··············································284

8.4.5.4.2 CHP/MEKP复配·················································284

8.4.5.4.3 MEKP/TBPB、MEKP/TBPO复配···································284

8.4.5.4.4 BPO/TBPB、TBPO/TBPB、TBCP/TBPB等复配···················284

8.4.5.4.5 其他各具特色的互配固化剂·······································285

8.4.5.3.5 其他特殊固化剂··························································285

8.4.6 固化剂的选用原则······························································286

8.4.6.1 固化剂与树脂的配伍性······················································286

8.4.6.2 固化成型工艺，树脂胶料的可使时间、罐寿期························286

8.4.6.3 固化成型温度的影响··················································287

8.4.6.4 固化速度的要求························································288

8.4.6.5 制品的壁厚影响·····························································288

8.4.6.6 填料、颜料及添加剂的影响···············································288

8.4.7 阻聚剂、固化延迟剂和稳定剂··················································289

8.4.7.1 阻聚剂的主要类型介绍和作用原理········································290

8.4.7.2 阻聚剂的选择原则··························································292

8.4.7.3 UPR&VER领域阻聚剂的使用要求········································293

8.4.7.4 阻聚剂对树脂储存及固化性能的影响····································294

8.4.7.5 VER和UPR在使用阻聚剂时的细微区别································295

8.4.8 稳定剂、环烷酸铜····························································296

8.4.9 表面活性剂、消泡剂····························································297

8.4.10 触变剂·········································································297

8.4.11 脱模剂···········································································298

8.4.12 紫外线吸收剂···································································299

8.4.13 空干剂···············································································300

8.4.14 光引发剂········································································300

8.4.15 阻燃剂············································································302

8.5 乙烯基酯树脂成型指导······························································302

8.5.1 常见UPR&VER的FRP成型方法···············································303

8.5.1.1 接触成型······································································303

8.5.1.2 压力成型·······································································307

8.5.1.3 纤维连续成型·································································308

8.5.2 特殊部位的成型·································································315

8.5.2.1 厚尺寸部位的成型·····························································315

8.5.2.2 最外层的制作·································································315

8.6 现场玻璃钢衬里施工之乙烯基酯树脂成型指导································316

8.6.1 乙烯基酯树脂固化指导及配方················································316

8.6.1.1 现场施工乙烯基酯树脂胶料准备·········································316

8.6.1.2 现场施工乙烯基酯树脂固化影响因素···································318

8.6.1.3 小试称量··································································318

8.6.1.4 小料试样································································318

8.6.1.5 凝胶时间和温度···························································318

8.6.1.6 适用的促进剂、助促进剂、固化剂、阻聚剂···························319

8.6.2 现场施工乙烯基酯树脂的固化系统（典型的常温、低温、光固化体系）···320

8.6.2.1 常用的“蓝白水”现场施工常温固化体系·····························321

8.6.2.2 常用的“DMA/BPO”常温固化体系········································322

8.6.2.3 光固化等特种常温固化体系···········································322

8.6.2.4 常用低温固化体系························································322

8.6.2.5 常见低放热控制方法·······················································322

8.6.2.6 常见长凝胶时间控制方法···················································322

8.6.2.7 常见薄层固化控制方法···················································322

8.6.2.8 典型的凝胶时间配方····················································322

8.6.2.9 典型的中、高温固化体系··················································323

8.6.2.10 典型的互配固化剂体系····················································323

8.6.3 影响UPR&VER固化速度、固化程度的因素··································323

8.6.3.1 树脂类型的对固化速度、固化程度的影响·······························324

8.6.3.2 固化剂、促进剂加入量对树脂固化速度、固化程度的影响·············325

8.6.3.3 施工环境对树脂固化速度、固化程度的影响·····························325

8.6.3.4 制品结构对树脂固化速度、固化程度的影响····························325

8.6.3.5 填料等其它添加剂对树脂固化速度、固化程度的影响················326

8.6.3.6 常温固化UPR&VER可操作时间的影响因素····························326

8.6.3.7 树脂的固化度对制品性能的影响··········································327

8.6.4 UPR&VER固化度的评价··························································327

8.6.4.1 实验室评价·································································327

8.6.4.1.1 巴氏硬度法·························································327

8.6.4.1.2 树脂不可溶分含量检测法·············································327

8.6.4.1.3 力学性能间接评价法·················································328

8.6.4.1.4 热变形温度间接评价法··········································328

8.6.4.2 非实验室评价····························································329

8.6.4.2.1 目视检查···································································329

8.6.4.2.2 巴氏硬度检测·····················································329

8.6.4.2.3 丙酮敏感性试验······················································330

8.6.4.2.4 回弹法检查··························································330

8.6.4.3 积层缺陷检查··································································330

8.6.5 固化后苯乙烯残留量的控制····················································333

8.6.5.1 后固化处理··································································337

8.6.5.2 选用恰当的固化剂·····················································337

8.6.5.3 增加固化剂用量······························································338

8.6.5.4 延长固化时间··································································338

8.6.6 食品级应用及相关卫生认证······················································338

8.6.6.1 树脂要求···········································································338

8.6.6.2 成型要求·····································································338

8.6.7 现场玻璃钢衬里施工之乙烯基酯树脂成型概述及原料··················339

8.6.8 现场玻璃钢衬里施工之乙烯基酯树脂成型方法·····························340

8.6.8.1 测试用积层板制作·····················································340

8.6.8.2 UPR&VER手糊积层成型详细指导······································342

8.6.8.3 UPR&VER玻璃钢衬里施工前准备工作··································344

8.6.8.4 UPR&VER玻璃钢衬里成型方法···········································346

8.6.8.4.1 胶料配制··································································346

8.6.8.4.2 通用玻璃钢衬里施工工艺·············································346

8.6.8.4.3 不同基材的UPR&VER玻璃钢衬里作业····························348

8.6.8.4.4 是否适合制作UPR&VER衬里的判断—粘结应用测试补丁·····348

8.6.8.4.5 金属基材UPR&VER玻璃钢衬里施工····························349

8.6.8.4.6 混凝土基材UPR&VER玻璃钢衬里施工························350

8.6.8.4.7 玻璃钢二次粘结衬里施工（FRP上衬里FRP）··················351

8.6.8.4.8 混凝土基材乙烯基酯树脂玻璃钢衬里时使用的锚固件·········352

8.6.8.4.9 玻璃钢衬里耐磨层制作···········································353

8.6.8.4.10 璃钢衬里外涂层制作··············································353

8.6.8.4.11 导电静玻璃钢内衬制作············································353

8.6.8.4.12 后固化处理······························································354

8.6.8.4.13 其他玻璃钢衬里施工注意事项······································354

8.6.8.4.14 现场乙烯基酯树脂玻璃钢衬里施工的树脂储存注意事项·····355

8.6.8.4.14.1 储存温度······················································355

8.6.8.4.14.2 树脂存放期、保质期及两者区别·······························355

8.6.8.4.14.3 转动存货··············································356

8.6.8.4.14.4 充气、换气存货·········································356

8.6.8.4.14.5 分散储存等其他树脂储存建议·······························356

8.6.8.4.14.6 预促树脂的存放··············································357

8.6.8.4.14.7 产品存放管理职责········································357

8.6.9 现场玻璃钢衬里施工之乙烯基酯树脂玻璃钢衬里疑难问题解答········357

9 通用玻璃钢衬里施工技术···································································357

9.1 通用玻璃钢积层板成型····················································357

9.1.1 安全事项·······································································357

9.1.2 工作计划···········································································358

9.1.3 确保施工区域安全······························································358

9.1.4 基材处理或模具表面准备工作··············································358

9.1.5 切割玻璃纤维································································358

9.1.6 制作测试用积层板·······························································358

9.1.7 树脂的称量和混合作业···························································359

9.1.8 树脂静置脱泡（熟化工序）······················································359

9.1.9 刷树脂··········································································359

9.1.10 表面毡层铺··································································360

9.1.11 其它短切毡、纤维布等的层铺··················································360

9.1.12 富树脂层············································································360

9.1.13 彻底清扫···········································································360

9.1.14 FRP积层板凝胶固化降温······················································361

9.1.15 后期养护··········································································361

9.2 通用玻璃钢衬里施工准备·····························································362

9.2.1 表面准备顺序······································································362

9.2.2 金属表面喷砂处理要领····························································362

9.2.3 水泥基体表面喷砂处理要领······················································363

9.2.4 通常使用的施工器材··························································363

9.2.5 材料准备及设计准备·······························································363

9.3 通用玻璃钢衬里、整体面层施工······················································364

9.3.1 通用玻璃钢衬里胶料、整体面层胶料施工配制·····························364

9.3.1.1 不饱和聚酯树脂和乙烯基酯树脂胶料的配制···························364

9.3.1.2 环氧树脂胶料的配制·····················································365

9.3.1.3 改性环氧树脂胶料的配制···················································368

9.3.1.4 酚醛树脂胶料配制·····························································368

9.3.1.5 呋喃树脂胶料的配制··························································368

9.3.2 通用玻璃钢衬里、整体面层施工工艺···········································370

9.3.2.1 纤维增强塑料的施工····················································370

9.3.2.2 树脂整体面层的施工························································371

9.3.2.3 通用玻璃钢衬里、整体面层工程养护和质量检查···················372

9.3.3 不同基材的玻璃钢衬里作业····················································372

9.3.3.1 金属基材玻璃钢衬里施工···················································372

9.3.3.2 混凝土基材玻璃钢衬里施工·················································373

9.3.3.3 玻璃钢基材二次玻璃钢衬里施工（FRP上内衬FRP）··················374

9.4 玻璃钢衬里施工安全防护及注意事项·············································375

9.4.1 原料相关安全环保事宜························································375

9.4.2 施工相关安全、环保、环境相关事宜············································376

10 通用玻璃钢衬里工程施工缺陷及解决办法·········································379

10.1 FRP玻璃钢衬里局部或整体脱壳····················································379

10.2 FRP玻璃钢衬里局部鼓泡、气泡过多···············································380

10.3 FRP衬里积层时树脂本身导致的气泡及解决策略·······························381

10.4 FRP衬里积层时外部因素导致的气泡及解决策略·······························381

10.5 FRP玻璃钢衬里层间剥离、分层·····················································382

10.6 FRP玻璃钢衬里纤维外露·····························································383

10.7 FRP玻璃钢衬里不凝胶或凝胶太慢·················································384

10.8 FRP玻璃钢衬里凝胶了，但凝胶后不能变硬，或强度上来太慢（硬化不良）··385

10.9 FRP玻璃钢衬里凝胶太快、凝胶时间漂移····································386

10.10 FRP玻璃钢衬里放热过快、过多·······································387

10.11 FRP玻璃钢衬里有裂缝····························································387

10.12 FRP玻璃钢衬里表面发粘···················································387

10.13 FRP玻璃钢衬里表面流胶严重····················································388

10.14 FRP玻璃钢衬里固化收缩太大导致隆起、脱壳······························388

10.15 FRP玻璃钢衬里局部腐蚀修复················································389

10.16 FRP玻璃钢衬里全面腐蚀修复··············································389

10.17 FRP玻璃钢衬里大面积脱落······················································389

10.18 FRP玻璃钢衬里局部变薄或磨蚀·············································390

10.19 FRP玻璃钢衬里使用后表面点状腐蚀孔洞······································390

11 玻璃钢衬里新动向（玻璃钢衬里重防腐之新复合树脂重防腐方向）·············391

11.1 “胶泥+玻璃钢”复合树脂重防腐···········································391

11.2 电化学防腐/玻璃钢衬里复合树脂重防腐·····································391

11.3 金属热喷树脂封孔复合树脂重防腐·················································392

11.4 水玻璃及搪瓷胶泥玻璃钢衬里复合树脂重防腐·································393

参考文献···········································································395

0  “树脂重防腐”

0.1  “树脂重防腐”定义

“树脂重防腐”，目前业内还没有这个叫法，笔者在此所说的“树脂重防腐”的概念是指以热塑性、热固性树脂为基体材料，是区别于“涂料防腐”的一种厚涂层、衬里或整体材料的重防腐方式。树脂重防腐和涂装防腐的防腐性能很大程度依赖于基体树脂或成膜物，但两者最明显的区别是防腐层的厚度前者大于或远大于后者，前者的重防腐能力、抗渗性能、力学性能等都明显优于后者，当然一般情况下成本也更高。

复合材料是材料领域的后起之秀，在人们日常生活中随处可见，如塑料、玻璃钢、钢筋混凝土、夹芯板等制品是人们接触最多的了。将复合材料应用到防腐蚀领域，就是防腐蚀复合材料。防腐蚀复合材料和金属防腐材料、无机非金属防腐材料、防腐涂料都是防腐蚀材料大家族的成员。

狭义的耐蚀复合材料，一般指的是耐蚀玻璃钢，也就是纤维增强热固性塑料，常见到玻璃钢管、罐、格栅、塔器、槽就是这一类。广义耐蚀复合材料指将有机材料和无机材料复合加工而成的防腐蚀材料，这种应用形式就是“树脂重防腐”。

树脂重防腐特点在于，它可根据终端使用要求的不同，将复合材料设计成具有较好的耐腐蚀性能，如耐酸性、耐碱性、耐盐水性、耐油性，或者兼具前述两种或两种以上的性能，在一定温度及环境条件下，能够在一定的期限内保护建筑物、构筑物或设备不被腐蚀破坏。这种树脂重防腐的广义复合材料是复合材料大家族中的一个重要分支。

0.2  “树脂重防腐”表现形式

树脂重防腐的具体应用形式有热塑性高分子材料为基材的衬里防腐、整体热塑性材料防腐；热固性树脂为基材的厚涂层、地坪、胶泥、玻璃鳞片胶泥、聚合物砂浆、聚合物混凝土、玻璃钢内衬、整体玻璃钢、砖板衬里、热固性树脂浸渍石墨材料、胶泥玻璃钢复合防腐、涂装玻璃钢复合防腐、阴极保护树脂重防腐复合、水玻璃及搪瓷树脂重防腐复合、金属热喷树脂重防腐复合、衬胶树脂重防腐复合等。

文中一些专业名词，很多都是约定俗成，以下具体进行解释。

衬塑：热塑性高分子材料衬里。

薄涂：一般指厚度在200μm以下的涂料涂装防腐形式，其中100μm以下为超薄涂。

一般涂层：一般指厚度在300μm左右的涂料涂装防腐形式。市场上的较薄的重防腐涂料厚度在300μm～500μm，如乙烯基酯树脂或环氧树脂的玻璃鳞片重防腐涂料。

厚涂层：区别于一般涂装涂层，这里多指500μm～1000μm的交联型厚涂层（溶剂挥发型的厚涂层极少见，如非转化型含氟聚氯乙烯厚浆涂层）。市场上较厚的重防腐涂料厚度在500μm～1000μm。

地坪：整体地面防腐复合材料。超薄型地坪厚度在1mm～2mm，其他类型地坪大多数在3mm以上。

胶泥：粉状材料增强树脂复合材料。

鳞片胶泥：片状材料增强树脂复合材料。较薄的鳞片胶泥衬里1.5mm～2.5mm，一般鳞片胶泥在2.5mm～4.0mm。

聚合物砂浆：细颗粒（细骨料）材料增强树脂复合材料。砂浆层厚度一般在3mm以上。

聚合物混凝土：粗骨料材料增强树脂复合材料。随整体设计的不同，厚度不同，是树脂重防腐中厚度最大的。

玻璃钢（FRP）衬里：混凝土、金属等基材的FRP防腐衬里形式，厚度随所用纤维种类、设计要求不同而不同，一般为保证耐腐蚀工程质量，都需要保证玻璃钢衬里厚度达到3mm以上，实际工程中，由于种种原因导致最终的FRP防腐衬里厚度大多在1.5mm～3.5mm。

整体玻璃钢：纤维增强热固性树脂玻璃钢为整体结构材料，耐腐蚀的同时作为承受一定载荷的整体结构件设备使用的树脂重防腐形式。厚度随介质、设计、场合不同而不同。一般分为耐蚀层和结构层两大部分，耐蚀层的厚度要求一般在3.0mm～6.5mm之间。

砖板衬里：以树脂胶泥为灌缝粘结材料，必要时辅以隔离层的衬砖防腐复合材料。整体厚度随着设计和砖板的不同而不同，一般分为打底层、粘结层、隔离层、砖板层组成。

其他诸如热固性树脂浸渍石墨材料、胶泥玻璃钢复合防腐、涂装玻璃钢复合防腐、阴极保护树脂防腐复合、水玻璃及搪瓷树脂防腐复合、金属热喷树脂防腐复合、衬胶树脂防腐复合等的解释和表现形式，请具体参见相关章节的介绍。

0.3 “树脂重防腐”与金属防腐、传统涂装防腐相比较特点

0.3.1 树脂重防腐与金属防腐、传统涂装防腐相比较的优点

①可设计性。力学、机械及隔热、绝缘、抗老化等性能，尤其是防腐性能可按照制件的使用要求和环境要求，通过组分材料的选择和匹配、结构设计、界面控制等手段，最大限度达到预期目的。

②既可提供优于涂装防腐的表面抗渗防腐性能，又能提供整体结构防腐性能。如玻璃钢材料本身就具有优良的力学性能，可以作为结构材料使用，而一般的涂装防腐仅能作为表面防腐层使用，一旦这一层被破坏，必将导致主体结构出现安全隐患。

③防腐力学性能对复合工艺的依赖性更强。与一般涂装防腐不同的是，树脂重防腐最终的防腐层在形成过程中，不同的成型工艺所用原材料种类、增强材料形式、填料纤维含量、铺设方法也不尽相同，因此最终树脂重防腐的力学性能和防腐性能对工艺方法、工艺参数、工艺过程等的依赖性更强，也就是说影响因素更多，最终的性能分散性也是比较大的，尤其是针对玻璃钢。

④树脂重防腐最终防腐层呈现各向异性和非均质性。常规的金属防腐材料基本都是各向同性和均质材料。树脂重防腐中各点的性能并不相同，性能随位置变化而变化。树脂重防腐在设计时，尤其要注意其复杂性和特异性，除考虑结构物中的最大应力，还应注意材料各向异性特点反映出来的薄弱环节，尤其是剪切性能和横向性能远小于沿纤维方向的性能。

⑤综合性能优异。达到防腐功能的同时，树脂重防腐还可以兼具优良的电性能（导电或绝缘）、优异的热性能（耐热、导热、绝热）、比强度高比模量大（仅限玻璃钢）、耐疲劳、减震、透波隔音、表面疏水、疏油、耐磨、防结垢等功效。

0.3.2 树脂重防腐与金属防腐、传统涂装防腐相比较待提高处

①树脂重防腐的绝对强度不如金属材料，弹性显得比较低（高模量纤维能一定程度使之提高）。和金属防腐材料相比，显得刚性不足，变形较大。

②树脂重防腐的层间剪切强度和层间拉伸强度低，在层间应力作用下容易引起分层破裂。多轴向织物用作为增强材料可在一定程度上改善层间强度。

③树脂重防腐属脆性材料。绝大多数树脂重防腐的表现形式都是脆性的（如采用Kevlar芳纶纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维则另当别论），拉伸时断裂应变都很小，断裂延伸率偏低，韧性不足是树脂重防腐一大缺陷（改善基体树脂和纤维可适当提高韧性）。

④树脂重防腐的绝对耐热温度和耐温度骤变性能较之金属防腐材料有很大的不足（砖板衬里、聚合物混凝土相对好些，但较之金属材料还是显得欠缺），树脂重防腐的长期使用温度都低于250℃，浸泡在介质中的长期使用温度一般都在150℃以下。

⑤树脂重防腐的性能离散性较大。原料成分多、成型工艺及控制影响因素多、生产环境等外部影响多都决定了树脂重防腐最后的性能的离散性较大，并且实际工程中还没有十分理想完善的检测手段，因此最终的质量不易控制。如手糊成型的玻璃钢，其强度离散系数一般都在6%～12%。

⑥树脂重防腐的性能和功效，随着树脂材料和无机填料以及助剂材料的发展，已经得到了很大的提高，但在树脂重防腐材料以及施工技术方面还有很大的提升空间。

⑦进一步提高树脂重防腐之基体树脂的耐腐蚀性能，进一步提高树脂重防腐的耐温性能和耐温骤变性能。

⑧树脂重防腐的施工技术向精细化、自动化方面发展，最大限度减少人为影响因素。

⑨充分利用纳米改性技术、新型高性能纤维、新型高性能精细化工助剂等辅料来改进已有的防腐蚀树脂，提高最终的树脂重防腐的性能。

⑩适当和其他防腐蚀方法结合，取长补短，得到最终优化的复合防腐蚀方法。如和电化学防腐、水玻璃、搪瓷、衬胶等方法复合使用。

0.4  “树脂重防腐”篇章整体撰写思路

树脂重防腐用到的树脂原料既涉及热塑性塑料，如衬塑、整体塑料防腐，又包括弹性体、橡胶和热固性树脂。在热固性树脂中，除乙烯基酯树脂外，还涉及到环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、酚醛树脂、呋喃树脂，在平行对比时，还会涉及到诸如水玻璃等无机防腐材料。图0.1.4很清晰地列出了A、B、C类，B是A树脂类型中常用具体树脂种类的细分说明。在实际防腐蚀应用时，尤其是常温施工作业时，B中部分可以和C1～C21对应起来，同样道理，C1～C21可以反过来部分对应B，但都不是全部可以交叉对应的。有些树脂不适合做胶泥，有些树脂不适合做衬里防腐或砖板衬里防腐。在笔者的心中，其实还有D，就是终端应用行业，再把具体行业分为D1~Dn，如氯碱、硫酸、冶炼、电厂、化纤等。在这里，A、B、C、D之间的交叉对应连线，并未完成，这是笔者留给自己，也是留给广大读者无限遐思的一道难题！笔者一个人的水平有限，也不可能介入所有的树脂防腐类材料和终端应用行业，需要包括笔者在内的广大防腐蚀业界的工程师一起努力完成该“连线”。有兴趣的读者，可以参与防腐蚀联盟（NACA）各微信群内有关此“连线”的讨论。

各种热塑性塑料的耐腐蚀性能、衬塑层设计、钢质和混凝土壳体衬塑成型工艺、整体塑料防腐制品成型、热塑性防腐胶带、热塑性膜和片材、聚氨酯、聚脲、橡胶和弹性体等知识，将会在每个章节进行详细介绍。

0.5  “树脂重防腐”表现形式简介

0.5.1  “树脂重防腐”之“厚浆型涂层”简介

本书《第陆卷 树脂重防腐》之《第9章 厚浆型涂层防腐》有本节更详尽阐述。

厚浆型涂层，也称厚膜型涂层，根据厚度不同，又分为厚膜型涂层和超厚膜型涂层。一般工程上默认0.6mm以上厚度的涂层为厚膜型涂层，它不采用连续增强类材料，仅采用粉料、鳞片、细骨料作为有机树脂涂料的增强材料。超厚膜涂层指每道干膜厚度大于1mm，实际施工时最终干膜厚度为2mm～3mm，甚至达到4mm～5mm厚。玻璃鳞片胶泥内衬其实就是超厚膜涂层的一种，将在下文着重介绍。

厚膜型涂层的成膜物，主要有两类，一类是交联类高分子物质，另一类是溶剂挥发型高分子物质，前者居多。交联类厚膜型涂料主要应用的高分子有机物有：环氧树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂等；溶剂挥发成膜类厚膜型涂料的成膜物有：聚氯乙烯、橡胶等。目前市场上采用最多的厚膜型涂层的成膜物还是环氧树脂。

厚膜型涂料具有以下特点：①固含量高，不存在溶剂挥发引起的环保问题，及溶剂挥发导致漆膜出现针孔（FVC厚膜型涂料除外，它易出现这方面的弊病），甚至漏涂的弊病；②性价比极高；③大多一次性成膜，省时省力；④耐磨性佳并可形成防滑面；⑤附着力强；⑥电阻率屏蔽佳。

厚膜型涂层较之于一般涂装防腐的优势在于：①物理屏蔽更佳，抗渗性能更好；②防腐性能更佳；③钝化缓蚀作用。

（1）环氧树脂厚涂型玻璃鳞片涂料 环氧树脂玻璃鳞片厚膜型涂料是一种双组份、低表面处理、耐磨、高固体含量的重防腐领域专用耐蚀鳞片涂料，以通用双酚A型环氧树脂E-51为基体树脂，配以偶联剂处理的玻璃鳞片、耐蚀颜料和填料以及相关助剂，真空高速混合而成，产品呈糊状。一般该系列涂料分A和B两个组份，其中B组份固化剂又分夏用型和冬用型。环氧树脂玻璃鳞片厚膜型涂料具有便捷的施工操作性、良好的基材粘结性、超低的固化收缩率、良好的耐蚀性和抗渗性、涂层坚硬耐磨等特点，广泛应用于酸、碱、盐、有机溶剂等众多气、液、固相环境中的石化设备、管道、污水池等钢架构和混凝土构件的设备防腐，是一种理想的防腐涂料。环氧树脂玻璃鳞片厚膜型涂料特点：①独特的抗渗性能和耐水、溶剂、化学介质腐蚀性能，气体腐蚀介质的渗透率极低；②光泽性好、固化收缩小、柔韧性好、综合力学性能优、耐干气温度佳、延展性好；③与基材的粘结性优异、对部分钢材无需喷砂处理即可施工、易施工、易修补。环氧树脂玻璃鳞片厚膜型涂料的应用：①弱、中、强腐蚀介质的气、液、固相介质设备、管道、储槽的内、外表面涂装防腐、混凝土建筑物防腐涂装；②船舶、路桥、海洋、机械、矿井、钢结构、化工管道、地坪、净化房等防护；酸雨频繁地区设备防护；腐蚀性工业大气（化工化肥、湿法冶炼、粘胶化纤、钢铁酸洗工业）区域设备防护；③适用于刮、抹、滚、喷等多种手工和机械涂装作业，标准喷涂涂布(120～280)μm/2～3次。

（2）FVC厚膜型涂料  FVC防腐涂料与FVC防腐涂料(综合型)为含氟聚氯乙烯氟磷铁涂料。聚氯乙烯树脂通过氟树脂及其它单体或树脂进行改性，使涂料具有更好的耐候性、耐蚀性、耐温性。据厂家称该涂料还含有自制氟磷铁颜料，在微量水的作用下，与钢铁表面生成一种致密的钝化膜，增强了附着力，提高了耐蚀性能，是中等酸、碱、盐类、甲醇、甲醛等首选的防腐蚀材料。FVC涂料有单组份防腐涂料、FVC水池专用涂料、FVC耐高温防腐涂料、地坪砂浆防腐涂料。据厂家称：FVC地坪砂浆防腐涂料是由乙烯基酯树脂、聚氯乙烯、氟树脂、氟磷铁、复合添加剂、各种颜填料及助剂等组成的三组份防腐涂料。该涂料既克服了乙烯基酯树脂脆性大而易开裂的缺陷，同时提高了乙烯基 酯树脂耐酸碱盐综合性能（尤其是耐碱性能的提高），是各种化工仓库、车间、走廊等地面与楼面合适的防腐蚀材料。FVC厚膜型涂料适用范围：①适用于石油化工、冶炼、电力、医药、污水处理、海洋大气等工程中的钢结构和混凝土面防腐。②适用于碳钢、铸铁、不锈钢等化工设备、管道构件的外表面防腐。③采用FVC防腐涂料（综合型）、FVC水池专用涂料制成的玻璃钢，适用于化工设备、地下管道、污水池、地下沟 槽等建筑构件内外表面防腐。④FVC尿素造粒塔专用涂料适用于尿素造粒塔外壁防腐，FVC厚浆型防腐涂料适用于尿素造粒塔内壁防腐。⑤FVC耐高温防腐涂料适用高温环境下的防腐。⑥FVC地坪砂浆涂料适用于化工车间、仓库、走廊等地面和楼面的防腐。

（3）双酚A型环氧乙烯基酯树脂厚涂型玻璃鳞片涂料  双酚A环氧乙烯基酯树脂厚涂型玻璃鳞片涂料是以高度耐蚀、耐温、高韧型的双酚A型乙烯基酯树脂为基体树脂，配以偶联剂处理的玻璃鳞片、耐蚀颜料和填料以及疏水型气相二氧化硅等相关助剂，真空高速混合而成，产品呈稀浆状。它分为底、面涂，该涂料具有便捷的施工操作性、良好的基材粘结性、较低的固化收缩率、良好的耐蚀性和抗渗性、优异的强度和硬度等特点，广泛应用于酸、碱、盐、有机溶剂等众多气、液、固相的化学腐蚀介质环境的设备和工程防腐，是一种理想的重防腐厚涂涂料。双酚A环氧乙烯基酯树脂厚涂型玻璃鳞片涂料特点：①独特的抗渗性能，气体腐蚀介质的渗透率极低；②良好的耐酸（含氟酸除外）、碱、盐、部分有机溶剂及一些特殊化学介质性能；③与基材的粘结性能强、固化收缩率低、韧性好、综合力学性能优、耐温度骤变优；④树脂全部固化、表面硬度高、耐磨、易施工、易修补；⑤可长期使用温度：气态（水分10wt%以下）：130℃；液态：90℃；干的气态介质中可瞬间（约30min）使用温度：150℃；⑥双酚A环氧乙烯基酯树脂厚涂型玻璃鳞片涂料不耐含氟化学药品的腐蚀，含氟介质请选择使用不含二氧化硅的粉料（如石墨粉）为填料。双酚A环氧乙烯基酯树脂厚涂型玻璃鳞片涂料应用：①中、强腐蚀介质的气、液、固相介质设备、管道、储槽的内、外表面涂装防腐、混凝土建筑物防腐涂装；②火电、核电、冶金、金属表面处理、硫酸、磷化、氯碱、化肥、钛白粉、海洋离岸工业等行业重防腐涂装应用；③玻璃钢-涂装复、水玻璃-涂装、胶泥-涂装等复合防腐方法；④适用于刮、抹、滚、喷等多种手工和机械涂装作业，标准喷涂涂布800μm/(2～3)次。

（4）酚醛环氧型乙烯基酯树脂厚涂型玻璃鳞片涂料  酚醛环氧型乙烯基酯树脂厚涂型玻璃鳞片涂料是以高度耐蚀、耐温、高韧型的酚醛环氧型乙烯基酯树脂为基体树脂，配以偶联剂处理的玻璃鳞片、耐蚀颜料和填料以及疏水型气相二氧化硅等相关助剂，真空高速混合而成，产品呈稀浆状。该系列涂料分底涂和面涂，具有便捷的施工操作性、良好的基材粘结性、较低的固化收缩率、良好的耐蚀性和抗渗性、优异的强度和硬度等特点，广泛应用于酸、碱、盐、有机溶剂等众多气、液、固相的化学腐蚀介质环境的设备和工程防腐，是一种理想的重防腐厚涂涂料。酚醛环氧型乙烯基酯树脂厚涂型玻璃鳞片涂料特点：①独特的抗渗性能，气体腐蚀介质的渗透率极低；②良好的耐酸（含氟酸除外）、碱、盐、部分有机溶剂及一些特殊化学介质性能；③与基材的粘结性能强、固化收缩率低、韧性好、综合力学性能优、耐温度骤变优；④树脂全部固化、表面硬度高、耐磨、易施工、易修补；⑤可长期使用温度：气态（水分10wt%以下）：150℃；液态：120℃；干的气态介质中可瞬间（约30min）使用温度：180℃；⑥不耐含氟化学药品的腐蚀，含氟介质请选择使用不含二氧化硅的粉料（如石墨粉）为填料。酚醛环氧型乙烯基酯树脂厚涂型玻璃鳞片涂料应用：①中、强腐蚀介质的气、液、固相介质设备、管道、储槽的内、外表面涂装防腐、混凝土建筑物防腐涂装；②火电、核电、冶金、金属表面处理、硫酸、磷化、氯碱、化肥、钛白粉、海洋离岸工业等行业重防腐涂装应用；③玻璃钢-涂装复、水玻璃-涂装、胶泥-涂装等复合防腐方法；④适用于刮、抹、滚、喷等多种手工和机械涂装作业，标准喷涂涂布800μm/(2～3)次。

（5）厚膜型无溶剂乙烯基酯树脂石墨玻璃鳞片导静电防腐蚀涂料 厚膜型无溶剂乙烯基酯树脂石墨玻璃鳞片导静电防腐蚀涂料，就是一类耐蚀性能非常优异，广泛应用于原油储罐内壁的一种厚膜型涂料，它与其他传统的石油储罐内壁防腐涂料的主要区别在于以下几点。①在厚涂层中添加了片状实体填料鳞片，有两种，一是玻璃鳞片，另一种是石墨鳞片，使得涂层既满足了石油储罐内壁导静电要求，又满足了石油储罐内底板区苛刻腐蚀环境的防腐蚀要求，提高了内涂层抗介质渗透能力。②无溶剂，苯乙烯部分也可参与交联反应，避免了施工过程中因溶剂挥发对环境及人体形成的不安全隐患。③厚膜型涂层，可达0.7mm～1.0mm厚，且涂层力学性能较高。④采用了耐高温酚醛环氧型乙烯基酯树脂，使得内涂层具备抗高温蒸汽清洁吹扫破坏能力，具备耐温耐蚀能力。⑤真空分散技术，最大限度避免空气夹裹进入涂层，减少涂层内缺陷的形成，极大提高了涂层的抗渗性能。

前面讲到厚浆型成熟的乙烯基酯树脂鳞片涂料，并没介绍常规厚度300μm以内的膜厚型的乙烯基酯树脂涂料。借此机会简要地介绍一下。

乙烯基酯树脂不论怎么去使用，他还是逃脱不了自由基固化树脂的原理和范畴，因此要想像溶剂挥发型成膜类涂料一样去轻松实现200μm～300μm的涂膜厚度，并且最终的耐腐蚀性能非常好，理论上是不可能的。所以，如果行业很多原来做涂料出身的朋友，要想简简单单就开发出来这个产品，笔者劝还是不要有这个念头。

但现实问题是：部分应用场合的确无需做到2mm以上的鳞片胶泥衬里，只需要薄涂就够了，但其他树脂基体为成膜物的涂料又很难去解决，乙烯基酯树脂如果固化完全是可以解决的。想象一下：市场上有大量的这个需求，大量的涂料厂家（注意不是做乙烯基酯树脂合成配方出身的）都希望去开发这个产品（笔者已经接到许多这方面电话），于是仅仅靠涂料厂家去调整所谓的促进剂、固化剂、液蜡空干剂、其他配方中的填充物等，不管怎么做都做不成功！估计很多涂料工程师都会有切身体会。这被行业公认为是乙烯基酯树脂涂料（薄涂）的“泰囧”。

为什么乙烯基酯树脂厂家，那么多专业的研发工程师不去专门研发一款针对薄涂固化度极高的乙烯基酯树脂牌号呢？！首先乙烯基酯树脂做到气干性，研发技术层面并不难，提高薄涂层的固化度，也只需要调整乙烯基酯树脂的配方就一定程度上可以做到，但为什么这么多乙烯基树脂大厂不去做呢！关键还是商业经济利益！能多卖为什么要少卖（厚度不一样，用到树脂材料量不一样）！这些非技术层面，或者说并非完全技术层面的因素，才是真正行业里面出现这个现象的核心原因。

有鉴于此，笔者团队推出了适用于薄涂型涂料使用的树脂半成品和成品涂料。树脂主要品种有OYCHEM®8003PHEX和OYCHEM®8071PHEX，成品涂料的品种主要有OYCHEM®8003PHEX-Top（艳绿/中灰）和OYCHEM®8071PHEX-Top（艳绿/中灰）。这里不再深入展开讨论如何在技术层面本身，尤其是树脂分子式结构配方设计上去解决“薄涂固化度不足”的问题。

0.5.2 “树脂重防腐”之“现场配制树脂砂浆”简介

本书《第陆卷 树脂重防腐》之《第10章 防腐工程之现场配制树脂砂浆》有本节更详尽阐述。

（1）聚合物乳液水泥砂浆

聚合物乳液水泥砂浆主要指氯丁胶乳液水泥砂浆、聚丙烯酸酯乳液水泥砂浆、环氧乳液水泥砂浆等，它们成型后强度高、粘结好、耐碱性好、抗渗性、耐候性好、可防潮。氯丁胶乳液水泥砂浆和聚丙烯酸酯乳液水泥砂浆，外观为豆浆状白色乳液，轻微酸味。

聚合物乳液水泥砂浆可在潮湿面施工，无毒、无害、无污染、易施工，可用于地下室、外墙、水池、水塔及设备基础处的砂浆防水，也可用防水胶拌和的聚合物乳液砂浆3mm～5mm厚用于粘贴整体面层块材。

典型的氯丁胶乳液水泥砂浆的配合比为：水泥/砂子/氯丁乳胶/稳定剂/消泡剂/pH值调节剂/水=100/100～200/30～40/0.6～1/0.3～0.6/适量/适量。

典型的聚丙烯酸酯乳胶水泥砂浆的配合比为：水泥/砂子/聚丙烯酸酯乳胶/水=100/100～200/25～38/适量。

聚合物乳液水泥砂浆防腐蚀可作为铺抹整体面层，也可作为铺砌块材面层，遵循的标准主要有：GB50046、GB50212、GB50224和防腐工程图集08J333等。

（2）重防腐树脂砂浆

树脂重防腐之“树脂砂浆”并不是“聚合物乳液水泥砂浆”。

树脂重防腐砂浆，指的是聚合物树脂防腐砂浆，是以细骨料（多为石英砂、砂石、铸石颗粒、重晶石砂、砂石、玻化微珠、珍珠岩等）为增强型的树脂重防腐表现形式。与聚合物乳液水泥砂浆的终端应用略有不同，树脂重防腐砂浆，作为整体抹面材料使用极少，仅在树脂砂浆地坪时用到，大部分场合是作为铺砌块材的灌封材料使用的，或作为整体工程的结构层降低成本使用的。树脂砂浆在防腐工程中，还可作为制作粗糙面的一种中间层使用。

可用于树脂砂浆防腐的树脂有：环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂、呋喃树脂、沥青。

综合考虑树脂砂浆制成品的使用性能和综合性价比，实际应用到配制防腐蚀砂浆的树脂主要有：双酚A型环氧树脂、间苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂、二甲苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂。

这些树脂具有一定耐热性、较好的耐腐蚀性能、较低的价格和良好的施工操作性，因此其防腐砂浆常用于有腐蚀性的化工车间地面、废水沟槽、酸及弱碱类池槽、花岗岩燃煤锅炉脱硫除尘器等场合。

对于防氢氟酸的部位，细骨料不可采用含二氧化硅的成份，应采用重晶石粉/砂、石墨粉等；当用于耐碱类工程时，不宜选用石英砂。

树脂重防腐砂浆分：粗砂砂浆层、中砂砂浆层、细砂砂浆层。自下而上的顺序往往是粗砂砂浆层、中砂砂浆层、细砂砂浆层。

0.5.3 “树脂重防腐”之“地坪及地面工程”简介

本书《第陆卷 树脂重防腐》之《第11章 地坪及地面工程防腐》有本节更详尽阐述。

（1）概述

大部分的地坪涂料用于混凝土地坪上。混凝土由硅酸盐水泥混合各种大小的集料，加水搅拌后经水化凝结而成。混凝土固有的多孔性和脆性，导致其表面耐磨性比较差，很容易磨损。无论是人的走动还是车辆的碾压，对地面频繁的摩擦产生大量的灰尘，除了影响生产车间的整洁美观外，还影响到工业生产的正常进行。特别是电子、食品、医药等行业，对生产车间的空气洁净度要求很高，混凝土产生的大量灰尘大大降低了产品的成品率。为了达到GB 50073-2001《洁净厂房设计规范》的要求，必须对混凝土地坪表面进行处理。涂装地坪涂料是最常用，也是最便捷的方法。

不同的生产行业对地坪还有各种各样的要求。地坪的首要功能是承载交通，地坪涂料必须有足够的耐压强度和硬度，能承载重型车辆的来回碾压，还必须具有很好的耐磨性，能够抵挡长期、频繁的磨损，保护混凝土的结构。

很多厂房对地坪还有耐腐蚀性的要求。如医药、食品加工、化工厂房等会用到大量的酸碱盐溶剂等腐蚀性物质，要求地坪有比较好的耐腐蚀性能，从很短时间的滴落到比较长时间的浸泡时都能保持使用性能性能不变。机械工业等重工业厂房要求耐强烈的机械冲击，耐磨损性能好，能长期经受重型叉车等车辆的碾压。机床、仪器仪表等工业车间和维修车间的地坪常受到汽油、柴油、润滑油等油类的侵蚀，且难以彻底清除，因此要求地坪耐油性好。

为了提高工作效率，生产车间要求地面平整洁净，色彩明显，为生产工人提供一个美观舒适的工作环境。在不同的工作区域涂装不同的颜色，除了可以明确标示各功能区外，还有警示作用，如通道涂装成绿色、蓝色，工作区涂装成中黄色或灰色。

总体来说，地坪涂料体系必须具有以下特点：①良好的耐压强度；②附着力/粘接强度好；③耐磨性好；④耐碱性；⑤常温固化；⑥美观；⑦符合设计要求的防腐作用；⑧维护方便；⑨环保无害；⑩易施工。

除了以上性能外，某些场所的地坪需要特别的要求。如在电子电器行业，必须要求地坪、工作台等有良好的防静电能力，保证工作时产生的静电能正常耗散，不会积累而击穿电路板。在停车场等场所，要求地坪有比较好的防滑性能。学校的地坪则要求有一定的弹性和吸声效果，在行走时更舒适、安静、针对特别的性能要求，需要对涂料配方进行特别处理以达到性能需求。

（2）分类

目前地面、楼面地坪的施工采用较多的有：①根据材料类型可分：丙烯酸地坪、水性环氧地坪、无溶剂型环氧地坪、高固含量环氧地坪、导静电/防静电环氧地坪、重防腐乙烯基酯地坪、重防腐导静电乙烯基地坪、聚氨酯地坪、聚脲地坪、亚克力地坪。②不同的地坪有不同的效果，根据要求不同可以做成不同的效果。根据常见的终端应用效果分为：聚氨酯弹性体地坪（主要往运动场操场跑道、民用的广场等场合）、经济型薄涂耐磨地坪、重承载型耐磨砂浆地坪、水性透气环保环氧地坪、环氧艺术效果地坪（含彩砂地坪、彩片地坪和创意艺术地坪）、金属和非金属耐磨固化剂地坪、玻璃钢和树脂砂浆类的耐腐蚀地坪、防静电耐磨地坪、抗菌防霉地坪、无溶剂型自流平环氧地坪等等。使用方向没法尽数统计，因此无法写全。

按实际市场应用量分类：①环氧树脂类地坪的量占比肯定是最大的，其次应该是聚氨酯类地坪仅次于环氧，再次应该是无机类地坪；②环氧树脂类地坪中，目前国外无溶剂环氧树脂地坪占比90%左右，溶剂型环氧树脂地坪占比5%左右，水性环氧地坪占比5%左右；对比而言，国内无溶剂环氧树脂类地坪占比只有40%左右，溶剂型环氧树脂地坪占比55%左右，水性环氧树脂地坪占比5%左右；③聚氨酯类地坪中基本国内外水性聚氨酯地坪占比40%左右，无溶剂型聚氨酯地坪占比10%左右，溶剂型聚氨酯地坪占比50%左右；④需要实现快速施工，一般选择PMMA聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯地坪和无机纳米硅酸盐地坪；⑤需要实现化学介质防护，一般选择乙烯基酯树脂重防腐地坪。

与一般涂料相似，地坪涂料的基本组成包括成膜物质、溶剂、颜填料和助剂。

（3）地坪涂层系统设计考虑因素

由于地坪涂料的使用情况和施工环境复杂多变，因此需要针具体使用环境和客户要求对涂层系统进行专门设计。地坪涂层系统的设计一般需要综合考虑以下因素：第1，首先考虑耐腐蚀性等涂料的基本性能指标；第2，地坪涂层的使用环境（地坪在使用期间酸、碱、盐、溶剂、油、海水、淡水、风砂等介质对地坪的侵蚀影响），其次考虑抗渗透性。针对不同渗透特性的介质，采用不同重防腐材料；第3，基材因素，需要考虑到“广义基材处理”；第4，涂层的造价和目标使用寿命，即成本因素；第5，功能性要求，如承重载荷、局部载荷、机械冲击、后期维护的难易程度、净化要求、食品级要求、阻燃性要求、防静电要求、色彩搭配、耐候性、静音效果要求、防滑要求等；第6，工期计划；第7，地坪涂料的毒性，即环保安全性。

地坪涂料涂装的主要对象是混凝土表面。相对于一般涂料来说，由于混凝土的固有特点，决定了地坪涂料和涂装的特殊性能要求，如良好的渗透性、耐碱性、硬度、柔韧性、附着力等，并且涂层之间需要层间配套。