6 制造 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]6.1 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]材料和结构构件的标识[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]601[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）每件钢结构或者每包类似的钢结构在制造的所有阶段均应用适当的方式来标示，以便区分其独特情况。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]6.2 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]切割[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]602[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）切割应通过合适的切割法来进行。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
根据[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DIN EN ISO 9013[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
：[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]1995-05[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
，火焰切割边应为[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]II[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
级。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
其他切割法在缺口效应方面至少需要有相等值。如果材料特征的程序偏差不影响燃烧件的缺口敏感性，那么允许有些偏差。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
剪切边和冲孔缺口上不能没有缺口和裂缝，否则这些地方要重新加工。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]603[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）动负载构件的其他要求：[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
根据[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DIN EN ISO 9013[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
：[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]1995-05[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
，机械火焰切割边应为[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]I[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
级。而其他切割法至少采用相等值才有效。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
如果拉力负载构件中的剪切和冲孔缺口上有淬火边并且在焊接过程中没有熔化，则需要重新加工。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
重新加工的边缘上要没有毛刺。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]6.3 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]成形、加热和火焰矫正[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]604[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）材料性能在经过成形、加热或火焰矫正处理后应符合要求。有关普通材料规则、材料标准和指南（如[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]SEW088[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）的建议要考虑进去。不可在蓝热范围（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]250
oC-380
oC[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）内进行弯曲和成形处理。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]M[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
钢不可进行热成形处理。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]6.4 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]钻孔[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]605[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）钻孔及其他措施可采用的方法列在表[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]2[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
中。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]表[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]2-[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]钻孔[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]构件负载[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]静态负载[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]动态负载[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]板厚，单位：毫米[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]压缩负载或者弯曲压缩负载[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]拉伸负载或弯曲拉伸负载[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]冲孔和铰孔至少[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]2[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]毫米，钻孔[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]≦[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]16 |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]冲孔（孔径[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]d[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]≧[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]t[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]）、钻孔、机械火焰切割（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]II[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]级[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]a[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]）[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]>16 |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]冲孔（孔径[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]d[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]≧[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]t[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]）、钻孔、机械火焰切割（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]II[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]级[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]a[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]）[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] | [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]机械火焰切割（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]I[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]级[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]a[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]）[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]a [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]根据[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DIN EN ISO 9013[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]：[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]1995-05[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]要求[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] |
| | | |
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]606[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）动态负载构件的其他要求：[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
外部构件孔洞上的毛刺要清除掉。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
螺栓和铆钉所用孔洞上应没有毛刺。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]6.5 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]切口线对[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]607[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）内边和缺口必须要按照[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]5[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
毫米的最小半径来修圆。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]608[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）动态负载构件的其他要求：[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
内边和缺口必须要按照[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]8[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
毫米的最小半径来修圆。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt,10.5pt]
7 焊接[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.1 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]焊接要求[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.1.1[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]焊接工艺（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]WPS[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]）[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]701[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）焊接应按照焊接工艺来进行（见[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DIN EN 288-2[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
临时焊接工艺的批准方法取决于所用材料和自动化等级（见表[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]3[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]表[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]3[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]——临时弧焊焊接工艺的批准方法[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]702[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
激光焊接工艺按照[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DIN EN ISO 15609-4
7[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]）[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
来确定。临时焊接工艺根据表[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]1DIN EN ISO15614-11
7[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]）[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
通过工艺试验来批准。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.1.2[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]焊接工艺试验[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]703[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）如果需要焊接工艺试验或焊接试验，那么在生产开始之前则应提供必要的文件资料[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]WPAR[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（焊接工艺批准记录）以及[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]WPAR[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（焊接工艺合格情况记录）。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.2 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]焊接计划[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]704[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）动态负载结构需要制定焊接计划。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.3 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]焊接准备工作[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.3.1[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]概述[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]705[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）焊接表面应要干燥、清洁，并且没有氧化渣和缺陷（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DAStRichtlinie 006[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
例外）。焊缝应根据工程规范加以准备。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
除了以下规范外，[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DIN EN 1011-1[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
和[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]-2[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
中的建议也应考虑在内。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.3.2[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]焊材的储存和维护[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]706[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）储存焊材时要确保产品属性不变。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
焊材识别证书（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]CE[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
标记）与说明书应放置在制造现场。焊材若有损坏或退化的标志，则应拒绝。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.3.3[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]天气防护[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]707[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）焊接人员和工程均应受到足够保护，以免受到风、雨、雪和低温的直接影响。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
如果要焊接材料的温度低于[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]0
oC[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
，则可能要适当加热。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.4 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]焊接施工[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.4.1[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]概述[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]708[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）除了[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.3.1[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
以外，以下规章要求也适用。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.4.2[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]预热[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]709[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）如果焊热过低或者冷却速率过高，则要考虑采取预热措施。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
注：稍后的钢板上可能要预热，或者一组焊缝位于同一区域，更多在[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]T[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
形连接件上以免产生剩余应力或者层状撕裂，那么也可能要预热。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
所需预热温度见[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]SEW 088[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
预热温度按照[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DIN EN ISO 14555[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
来测量。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]710[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）若要防止由于氢脆而产生裂缝，那么[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DIN EN 1011-2[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
附录[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]C3[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
方法[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]B[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
中的建议必须要加以考虑。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.4.3[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]临时附件[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]711[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）通过定位焊点或固定件来接上的临时构件在确保装配构件所需质量的安装完成后应要拆除。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
适当的试验应说明动态负载构件上没有表面裂缝。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.4.4[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]螺柱焊接[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]712[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）螺柱应按照[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DIN EN ISO 14555[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
来进行焊接和试验。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
表面积可有[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]10%[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]B[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
级到[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]D[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
级）和[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]5%[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]E[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
级）不符合规定。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.4.5[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]钢筋焊接[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]713[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）钢筋焊接的施工和试验规定见[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DIN 4099[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt] [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]7.4.6 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]其他要求[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt][size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]714[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）完工焊缝打磨和重新加工的其他要求应在工程规范中有所说明。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
如果垂直于表面有收缩力产生的话，那么防止层状撕裂的建议应考虑进来（见[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DASi-Richtlinie 014[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
以及[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]DIN EN 1011-2[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
附录[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]F[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
）。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 12pt,12pt]
[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]8.[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]螺栓和铆钉的连接[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]8.1[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]概论[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
(801) [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
螺栓和铆钉连接的具体操作方法,可参见DIN 18800:1990-11标准中第(506)到(513)点的相关规定。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
(802)[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
在剪应力鱼尾板连接中，如果大部分应力是静止的，那么其生产公差的厚度差不应大于2mm；如果大部分应力不是静止的，那么其生产公差的厚度差不应大于1mm。为保持相匹配，钢衬板的厚度至少应为1mm。如果同时使用3块以上衬板，则应先将他们连接起来。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（803）垫圈下部或（靠近螺母的垫圈）直接位于螺栓头下部的钢垫板，其厚度不能少于4mm，且其额定强度至少应与部件的额定强度一致。如没有相关的静态数据说明，这些垫板不能用于长形孔或与平面相关的、但过大的圆孔的桥接。（具体也可见第(807)点。）[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（804）如果在大部分应力为非静止的状态下作SLP连接，与螺栓相配的螺母应采用附加的结构措施，以确保其不发生松动。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
注意：与平面相关预应力的连接，在大部分应力为非静止的状态下，无须采用附加安全措施。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]8.2 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]圆孔的尺寸[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（805）螺栓的额定孔隙，如是圆孔，而且测定标准中没有给出更小的值，则对小于M27的螺栓，最大孔隙为2mm；等于或大于M27的螺栓，最大孔隙为3mm。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
铆钉的额定孔径，如果测定标准或生产标准中没有给出更小的值，最大不能超过未卯时铆钉的直径2mm。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（806）密配螺栓的圆孔，可采用先钻一个比螺杆直径小的圆孔，然后与需连接的部件固定后一起扩孔；或者先与需连接的部件固定后一起钻孔。无论何种情况，最后的孔径都不能大于螺杆直径值的0.3mm。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（807）长方形孔和与平面相关的、过大的孔，以及可能情况下（附加到垫圈上的）需加的垫板的孔（见（803）点），应严格按图纸所提示的要求操作。通常，需要提供特别的静态说明。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（808）埋头螺栓和埋头铆钉在下沉时，螺栓头或铆钉头不能超出部件的外表面。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]8.3 [size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]螺旋连接的接头[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（809）如果是与平面相关预应力的连接，或是带附加张应力的SL-和SLP连接，螺栓拧紧后,至少应有一条螺纹的螺纹线超出螺母；如果是与平面无关的预应力的、没有附加张应力的连接，则螺栓与螺母的外表面齐平就行了。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（810）螺母应能在螺栓上用手拧动。特殊情况下，如初次拧紧时需使用安装工具，那么随后螺母应能用手拧动。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（811）强度等级为4.6和5.6（表1第1至3行）的螺旋连接，要求在螺母下部垫垫圈。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（812）强度等级为8.8和10.9（表1第4至7行）的螺旋连接，要求在螺头和螺母边加棱角朝外的垫圈。如果是与平面无关、但有预应力的该强度等级的螺栓，而且其最大额定孔隙符合（805）点要求，则螺头边的垫圈可不放。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（813）为平衡螺栓连接的夹紧长度，未旋转的那一边，允许最多使用三个、总厚度不超过12mm的垫圈。如系HVP连接，请参考DIN 7999标准规定。[size=FONT-SIZE: 9pt,9pt]
（814）U型或工型钢的螺栓连接，按照表1要求，需使用相应的契式垫圈。
